What is ICM in Poker?
The Independent Chip Model (ICM) is a mathematical model used in poker tournaments to estimate a player’s share of the prize pool based on their chip stack relative to other players.

Unlike cash games, tournament chips do not have a linear value. This means doubling your stack does not double your expected winnings. ICM accounts for this by factoring in payout structures and the probability of finishing in each position.

How This ICM Calculator Works
This calculator converts chip stacks into Expected Value (EV) by simulating how often each player finishes in each payout position.

To use it effectively, input:

• Each player’s chip stack
• The tournament payout structure

The calculator then outputs each player’s equity as a percentage of the total prize pool.

When Should You Use ICM?
ICM is most important in high-leverage tournament situations, including:

• The bubble - when one player remains before payouts begin
• Final tables - where payout jumps are significant
• Short-handed play - where each decision has larger impact

In these spots, correct ICM decisions can dramatically increase your long-term tournament ROI.

ICM Strategy Tips
Understanding ICM leads to better strategic adjustments:

• Play tighter when calling all-ins near the bubble
• Apply pressure as a big stack against medium stacks
• Avoid marginal spots when survival has significant value
• Recognize payout jumps before making aggressive plays